Social Pathology and Prevention 2021, 7(2):11-34 | DOI: 10.25142/spp.2022.004

Media construction of deviance – othering of Roma minority in television news discourse

Renáta Sedláková1
1 Department of Communication Studies, Sts Cyril and Methodius Faculty of Theology University Palacký in Olomouc

How was the Roma minority represented in the main evening news program Události of Czech Television, the public service media, between 2000 and 2015? This article focuses on the visual representation of Roma and the key signs used in television news reports. It presents findings from analysis based on quantitative content analysis and semiotic analysis. Visual representation of the Roma on television news is dominated by images of groups, children and young adults and shots of the environment and places where they live including clutter and ramshackled houses. On the contrary, representations of Roma as authorities are missing. Analysis revealed a long-term repeated thematization of Roma otherness. Although the voice-over is correct, the visual signs used in reports connote negative meanings and stereotypes. Through such visuals Roma are constructed as culturally different. Thus news accentuated and reproduced negative attitudes that   a large part of the Czech majority maintains towards Roma.

Keywords: Roma/Gypsy, othering, news discourse, visual analysis, Czech Television

Received: February 1, 2022; Revised: March 14, 2022; Accepted: March 21, 2022; Published: May 17, 2022  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Sedláková R. Media construction of deviance – othering of Roma minority in television news discourse. Social Pathology and Prevention. 2021;7(2):11-34. doi: 10.25142/spp.2022.004.
Download citation

References

  1. Andreassen, R. (2005). The Mass Media's Construction of Gender, Race, Sexuality and Nationality. An Analysis of the Danish News Media's Communication about Visible Minorities from 1971-2004. Retrieved from: http://www.rikkeandreassen.dk/phd- afhandling.pdf [cit. 2. 2. 2021].
  2. Barth, F. (1969). Ethnic groups and boundaries. Long Grove: Waweland Press.
  3. Baumann, Z. (1996). Myslet sociologicky [Thinking sociologically]. Prague: Slon.
  4. Becker, H. P. (1963). Outsiders: Studies in the Sociology of Deviance. New York.
  5. Blažek, B. (1995). Tváří v tvář obrazovce [Facing the screen]. Prague: Slon.
  6. Čížek, T., Šmídová, M., & Vávra, M. (2017). Inventura předsudků [Inventory of prejudices]. Prague: Academia.
  7. Dahlgren, P. (1986). Beyond information: TV news as a cultural discourse. Communications, 12 (2), 125-136. Go to original source...
  8. Dines, G., & Humez, J. M. (1995). Gender, Race and Class in Media. London: Sage.
  9. Erjavec, K. (2001). Media Representation of the Discrimination Against the Roma in Eastern Europe: The Case of Slovenia. Discourse & Society, 12(6), 699-727. Go to original source...
  10. Fiske, J., & Hartley, J. (1996). Reading Television. London: Routledge.
  11. Fiske. J. (2001). Introduction to Communication Studies. London: Routledge. Go to original source...
  12. Fónadová, L. (2014). Nenechali se vyloučit. Sociální vzestupy Romů v české společnosti. [They did not let themselves be excluded. The social rise of the Roma in Czech society]. Brno: Masaryk University. Go to original source...
  13. Foucault. M. (2000). Dohlížet a trestat [Discipline and Punish]. Prague: Dauphin.
  14. Goffman. E. (2003). Stigma: Poznámky o způsobech zvládání narušené identity. [Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity]. Praha: Slon.
  15. Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural representations and signifying practices. Sage Publications, Inc; Open University Press.
  16. Hartley, J. (1982). Understanding News. London, New York: Routledge.
  17. Homoláč, J., Karhanová, K., & Nekvapil, J. (2003). Obraz Romů v středoevropských masmédiích po roce 1989 [The image of the Roma in the Central European mass media after 1989]. Brno: Doplněk, 102-20.
  18. Homoláč, Jiří. (2009). Internetové diskuse o cikánech a Romech [Internet discussions on gypsies and Roma]. Prague: Karolinum.
  19. Chandler, D. (2002). Semiotics. The Basics. London: Routledge. Go to original source...
  20. Jakoubek, M. (2008). Cikáni a etnicita. [Gypsies and Ethnicity]. Praha: Triton.
  21. Kluknavská, A., & Zagibová, L. (2013). Neprisposobivý Romovia a slušná vačšina? Spravodajský diskurz po násilných udalostiach na severe Českej republiky 2011. [Improper Roma and decent majority? News discourse after the violent events in the north of the Czech Republic 2011]. Středoevropské politické studie [Central European political studies], 15(4), 300-323. Go to original source...
  22. Kostlán, F., & Ryšavý, Z. (2014). Romská tématika často slouží k většímu zisku, objektivních zpráv je málo [Roma issues often serve to make more profit, there are few objective reports]. Romea. Retrieved from: http://www.romea.cz/dokumenty/analyza-podzim2014- finale.pdf [cit. 22. 9. 2021].
  23. Kroon, A. C., Kluknavska, A., Vliegenthart, R., & Boomgaarden, H.G. (2016). Victims or perpetrators? Explaining media framing of Roma across Europe. European journal of Communication. Sage, 1-18. Go to original source...
  24. Křížková, M. (2013). Analýza mediálního zobrazení Romů v českých médiích od začátku červemnce 2011 do konce května 2012 [Analysis of the media portrayal of Roma in the Czech media from the beginning of July 2011 to the end of May 2012]. Praha: Agentura pro sociální začleňování. Retrieved from: http://www.socialni-zaclenovani.cz/ OBRAZ-ROMU-V-MEDIICH-JE-STALE-JEDNOTVARNY-UVADI-VYZKUM [cit. 10. 5. 2020].
  25. Lapčík, M. (2012). Televizní zpravodajství jako paradox I [Television news as a paradox I]. Olomouc: FF UP.
  26. Lapčík, M. (2014). Televizní zpravodajství jako paradox II [Television news as a paradox II]. Olomouc: FF UP.
  27. Leudar, I., & Nekvapil, J. (2000). Presentations of Romanies in the Czech Media: On Category Work in Television Debates. Discourse & Society, 11(4), 488-490. Go to original source...
  28. Lewis, O. (1966). The Culture of Poverty. Scientific American. (215), 19-25. Go to original source...
  29. Luhmann, N. (2000). The Reality of the Mass Media. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Go to original source...
  30. Madroane, I. D. (2012). Roma, Romanian, European: A Media Framed Battle over Identity. Critical Approaches to Discourse Analysis across Disciplines, 5 (2), 102-119.
  31. Neuendorf, K. A. (2002). The Content Analysis Guidebook. London: Sage.
  32. Pickering, M. (2001). Stereotyping. Palgrave. Go to original source...
  33. Poláková, E., & Spálová, L. (2013). Diskriminačné tendencie mediálního zobrazovania Rómov a prvky extrémizmu v komunikácii na sociálnej sieti [Discriminatory tendencies of Roma media portrayal and elements of extremism in social network communication]. Pravicový extremismus a mládež na Slovensku [Right-wing extremism and youth in Slovakia]. Brno, 92-126.
  34. Prudký a kol. (2009). Inventura předsudků [Inventory of prejudices]. Praha: Academia.
  35. Renzetti, M., & Curran, D. J. (2003). Ženy muži a společnost. Karolinum, Praha.
  36. Růžička, M., & Radostný, L. (2006). Terénní výzkum v hyperrealitě. Poznámky k mediální konstrukci sociálně vyloučené lokality. [Field research in hyperreality. Notes on the media construction of a socially excluded locality]. "Romové" v osidlech sociálního vyloučení ["Roma" in the settlements of social exclusion]. Plzen: Vydavatelství a nakladatelství Aleš Čeněk, 201-229.
  37. Richardson, J. (2014). Roma in the News: an examination of media and political discourse and what needs to change. People, Place and Policy? 8(1), 51-64. Go to original source...
  38. Sedláková, R. (2014). Výzkum médií. Nejpoužívanější metody a techniky [Media research. The most used methods and techniques]. Prague: Grada.
  39. Sedláková, R. (2007). Mediální konstrukce reality - případ romské menšiny [Media construction of reality - the case of the Roma]. Brno: Masaryk University.
  40. Sedláková, R. (2022). Zprávy o Nich nebo Nás - zpravodajský diskurz televize veřejné služby o Romech [News on Them or about Us - news discourse of public service television on Romani]. Romano Džaniben. (in print). Go to original source...
  41. Schneeweis, A. A. G. (2009). Talking Difference: Discourses about the Gypsy / Roma in Europe since 1989. University of Minnesota.
  42. Schulz, W. (2000). Masová média a realita, Ptolemaiovské' a Kopernikovské' pojetí. [Mass Media and Reality, Ptolemy's and Copernicus' Concepts]. In Jirák, J., & říchová, B. Politická komunikace a média [Political Communication and Media]. Prague: Karolinum, 24-40.
  43. The Congress of Local and Regional Authorities. (2016). The situation of Roma and Travelers in the context of rising extremism, xenophobia and the refugee crisis in Europe. Rada Evropy, 20/10/2016. Retrieved from: https://rm.coe.int/1680718bfd [cit. 1. 10. 2020].
  44. TNS Opinion, Social network. (2015). Discrimination in the EU i n 2015. Special eurobarometer 437. Retrieved from: European union.https: //publications.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/530f023e-6d03-11e5-9317-01aa75ed71a1/language-en [cit. 10. 10. 2018].
  45. Tremlett, A., & McGarry, A. (2013). Challenges Facing Researchers on Roma Minorities in Contemporary Europe: Notes towards a Research program. ECMI - Working paper.
  46. Tuček, M. (2020). Vztah české veřejnosti k národnostním skupinám žijícím v ČR - březen 2020 [The relationship of the Czech public to ethnic groups living in the Czech Republic - March 2020]. Centrum pro výzkum veřejného mínění, Akademie věd České republiky. [Center for Public Opinion Research, Czech Academy of Sciences]. Retrieved from https://cvvm.soc.cas.cz/media/com_form2content/documents/c2/a5199/f9/ov200429. pdf [cit. 10. 10. 2020].
  47. vanDijk, T. A. (2000). New (s) Racism: a Discourse Analytical Approach. Cottle, S. Ethnic Minorities and the Media. Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press, 33-49.
  48. Vágnerová, M. (2004). Psychopatologie pro pomáhající profese. Prague: Portál. Vašát, P. (2010). Nástin mediálního diskursu o Janově: kritickodiskursivní přístup [Outline of the media discourse about Genoa: a critical discursive approach]. Anthropowebzin (1), 39-43.
  49. Weber, M. (1998). Protestantská etika a duch kapitalismu [Protestant ethics and the spirit of capitalism]. Prague: Oikomene.
  50. Weinerová, R. (2015). Romové a stereotypy [Roma and stereotypes]. Prague: Karolinum.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.